![]() ![]() Įarlier studies of achievement often emphasized the notion that high-achieving individuals typically possess traits above and beyond that of normal ability. They concluded that grit is a better predictor of success than intellectual talent ( IQ), based on their evaluation of educational attainment by adults, GPA among Ivy League undergraduates, dropout rate of cadets at West Point US Military Academy, and ranking in the National Spelling Bee. ![]() They observed that individuals high in grit were able to maintain their determination and motivation over long periods despite experiences with failure and adversity. Grit was defined as "perseverance and passion for long-term goals" by psychologist Angela Duckworth and colleagues, who extensively studied grit as a personality trait. ![]() This distinction was brought into focus in 1907 when William James challenged the field to further investigate how certain individuals are capable of accessing richer trait reservoirs enabling them to accomplish more than the average person, but the construct dates back at least to Francis Galton, and the ideals of persistence and tenacity have been understood as a virtue at least since Aristotle. These constructs can be conceptualized as individual differences related to the accomplishment of work rather than talent or ability. Distinct but commonly associated concepts within the field of psychology include "perseverance", " hardiness", " resilience", "ambition", " need for achievement" and " conscientiousness". This perseverance of effort promotes the overcoming of obstacles or challenges that lie on the path to accomplishment and serves as a driving force in achievement realization. In psychology, grit is a positive, non-cognitive trait based on an individual's perseverance of effort combined with the passion for a particular long-term goal or end state (a powerful motivation to achieve an objective). For other uses, see Grit (disambiguation). This article is about the personality trait. ![]()
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